Dissolved air flotation (DAF) has been around for many years and is a recognised process in the treatment of surface waters containing organics, colour forming compounds such as humic and fulvic acids and other pollutants Turbulent dissolved air flotation (TDAF) was developed more than ten years ago with an intent to reduce plant capital and operating costs yet retain the simplicity in design and operation. This has been achieved by investigating the DAF technology and upgrading it applying simple but very effective modifications using naturally sourced materials. TDAF is now a very high rate process, typically some six to eight times faster than conventional designs yet with no deterioration in outlet quality. Such a performance that can be realised by simple upgrading of existing DAF plants, or on new builds alike, enables the plant to be built using the smallest possible land area and with the lowest possible capital costs. Yet whole life costs are similarly attractive as chemical consumption, where necessary, is minimal and the loads on downstream units enable the whole treatment cycle to be extremely cost effective. Typical examples of operating plant, treating surface and underground waters as well as the tertiary treatment of sewage are discussed and the true benefits examined in detail
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